Cinema+and+Technology

=**Overview** = Cinemas play a big role in American society and entertainment. The first films were first introduced in year 1877, and after an entire century has passed, the technology used to create them has dramatically upgraded. toc

**Cinema History**
From the time of the 19th century until present day, a total of four cinema periods have been of great significance to the United States, and even worldwide: the Silent Film Era, Classical Hollywood Cinema, New Hollywood and the Contemporary Period. All of these periods combined served as the building blocks to what has led technology to where it lies today.

**The Silent Film Era**
The Silent Film Era (1888-1927) was the first period in cinema history; it marked the foundation of the movie industry in the United States. Movies created during this time were accompanied by live bands and orchestras, along with actors who expressed emotions through gestures and movement only. There were no verbal dialogue in silent films; only dialogue in the form of captions were available depending on the movie makers.

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**The Silent Film Era "Depression"**
Silent films were the most popular form of entertainment at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. In the year 1927, though, a new and improved item was introduced to Americans. Its interruption caused the downfall of silent films completely.

**Classical Hollywood Cinema**
The Classical Hollywood Cinema was the second period of the U.S. cinema history. It brought upon Americans an upgraded form of movies known as “Talkies”, which were the first types of movies that possessed synchronized sound.

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**N****ew Hollywood**
New Hollywood was the third period in the U.S. cinema history and took place in the early 1960s. It was greatly influenced by the Classical Hollywood Cinema due to the invention of “talking pictures”. As technology was improving, it resulted in Americans forming demands and higher expectations such as better movie story lines, plots and genres. Even demands for technology, such as special effects, came into play. Many of the people who demanded different movies belonged to the age group of 16 to 25.

**The Contemporary Period (Present Day Cinemas)**
The movie industry has become a large portion of the everyday lives of Americans. That is greatly evident due to the fact that the United States is the third biggest movie producer worldwide. India is the number one biggest producer, with Nigeria being the second. The Contemporary Period sums up the movies in present day. There are many different components to movies that are produced in the 21st century. Those components may be positive or negative and complex or simple. They can range from contents such as sexuality to even concepts such as a movie taking place in the 19th century. If compared to the Silent Film Era, the ideology of the contemporary period has changed drastically due to the expansion of technology.

Analysis
Movies have come a long way since the year of its first creation, 1888. Americans were first presented with silent films, and eventually exposed to “talkies” in the 1920s. In the 21st century, though, movies have upgraded beyond silent films and “talkies”. Whether it’s a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional movie to watch, Americans today have a wide range of options to choose from. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">Four decades after the beginning of the Silent Film Era, __The Jazz Singer__ was opened in theaters. It was the bench mark for talking pictures in the United States. During the Classical Hollywood Cinema, __The Jazz Singer__ introduced a movie world of sound, which was something that wasn't available yet. Upgraded tools were used during this era to produce sound, such as microphones. Although this seemed to be a great benefit for movie viewers, it appeared to be a significant issue for musicians. Because music in silent films was played by live orchestras, many musicians were hired in the Silent Film Era to produce what they were best at doing: creating music. __The Jazz__ Singer caused the downfall of the Silent Film Era, leaving behind many musicians who were unemployed due to the capability of recording. Nowadays, movie directors have no concerns about where they will receive their music audio from. In the 1940s, electrical keyboards were invented and brought along many advantages to the movie industry. Electrical keyboards allowed for various musical instruments, such as violins, trombones, flutes, an organ, etc., to be played. This was significant because it meant that movie directors were not required to hire professional musicians to play music for them; amateurs were as skilled to complete the job. Although electrical keyboards may have been an advantage for the movie industry, it brought a greater amount of hardship for musicians. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%;">As a new genre of movies was premiered during the late 1940s, its contents were altered also. Sexuality was a hot movie hit for soldiers during this time period due to the absence of sexual intercourses while they served in the military. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%;">Their desires were resolved, though, as sex icons, such as Marilyn Monroe, Jane Russell and many other women figures appeared in movies. Soldiers became especially interested in woman who were beautiful. They were especially drawn into Monroe due to the strength that she gained growing up. As a child, Monroe had no father. In addition to that, her mother had mental breakdowns, forcing Monroe to move to and from multiple foster homes. Through acting in movies and on television, she was able to build up her confidence and give back to those she supported during the World War II. Although beauty was a great factor that drew soldiers into women, they believed that personal strength was also as important. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%;">The entertainment of movies has brought many resolutions to society in the history of the United States. It wouldn’t have been possible, though, if technology were not available. Technology has evidently improved since the Silent Film Era. In the 1950s, not only were movies available, but the popularity of television begun to increase also. Competition from television had formed, resulting in the loss of customers for the motion picture industry. In order to attract each andevery customer back, the industry attempted to premiere 3-dimensional movies. In the November of 1952, the first official 3-D <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%;">movie was created, __Bwana Devil__. The 3-D effects turned out to interest customers but only for a brief period of time. 3-dimensional movie viewers suffered from headaches and eye-strains, making non 3-D movies receive more customers than the 3-D version. By the mid-1940s, 3-D movies were no longer shown in theaters. Almost ten decades later, though, 3-dimensional movies are more popular than before. Movies in the 21st century, such as __Avatar__ and __Up__, possess 3-D effects, but without the usage of glasses. The American curiosity of exploring advanced technology, such as 3-dimensional movies, has brought a welcoming comeback and success to the movie industries of <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"> today.

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<span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: right;">(A clip from the 3-D Pixar Movie, __Up__)

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">Although cinemas have only been existent for a little over a century, the vast majority of technology has been beneficial to Americans and people worldwide. Cinemas and its technology have played a role in influencing and shaping the lives of everybody today.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Works Cited
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">"3-D Movies and the 1950’s - Fifties Movies." //Fifties Sixties Fashion, TV, Movies, Hair, Food, Cars,// <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">//50's 60's Facts and History about 1950's and 1960's - Clip Art and Information//. Web. 03 June <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">2011. <[].>

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">//A Lion in Your Lap: Bwana Devil//. Digital image. //What Ever Happened to Arch Oboler? (Part Two – 3D)//. Parallax View. Web. 05 June 2011. <http://parallax-view.org/2009/02/04/what-ever-happened-to-arch-oboler-part-two/>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">"Animated Films." //Greatest Films - The Best Movies in Cinematic History//. Web. 26 May 2011. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">[|<http://www.filmsite.org/animatedfilms.html].>

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Classical Hollywood Cinema." //Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning//. Web. 20 <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">May 2011. <http://www.fathom.com/course/10701053/session1.html>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">//Digital History//. Web. 20 May 2011. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"><http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/hollywood_history.cfm>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Film History of the 1920s." //Greatest Films - The Best Movies in Cinematic History//. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Web. 18 May 2011. <http://www.filmsite.org/20sintro.html>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">"Film History of the 1950s." //Greatest Films - The Best Movies in Cinematic History//. Web. 03 June <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">2011. <[].>

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jane Russell. Digital image. //Actress Jane Russell, 89 Died Today, Monday February 28th 2011.// Movie Prop Collectors, 28 Feb. 2011. Web. 05 June 2011. <http://www.moviepropcollectors.com/magazine/2011/02/28/actress-jane-russell-89-died-today/>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">King, Emily. //A Century of Movie Posters: from Silent to Art House//. [Hauppauge, NY]: Barron's, 2003. Print.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Marilyn Monroe. Digital image. //Plump and Popular//. Haven. Web. 05 June 2011. <http://www.hunniesheavenlyhaven.com/thehaven/plumpandpopular.html>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Movies, Technology and the Future of Viewing : NPR." //NPR : National Public Radio :// <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">//News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR//. Web. 20 May 2011. <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4528282>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">"Pixar's Up Wins Best Animated Film Oscar| Reuters." //Business & Financial News, Breaking US &// <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">//International News | Reuters.com//. 07 Mar. 2010. Web. 26 May 2011. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;"><[]>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">//Russell Complains -- Exclusive Clip from UP//. 2009. Youtube.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">//Singing In The Rain - Singing In The Rain (Gene Kelly) [HD Widescreen]//. Dir. Stanley Donen. Perf. Gene Kelly. 1952. Youtube.com.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">"Sunset Blvd. (1950) - IMDb." //The Internet Movie Database (IMDb)//. Web. 03 June 2011. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;"><[]>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">"Talking Motion Pictures." //American Studies @ The University of Virginia//. Web. 26 May 2011. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;"><[|http://][|xroads.virginia.edu/~ug00/3on1/movies/talkies.html]>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">//The Circus - Charlie Chaplin - 1928//. Perf. Charlie Chaplin. 1928. Youtube.com.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"The Immortality of Marilyn Monroe." //Marilyn Monroe Posters//. Web. 05 June 2011. <http://www.marilyn-monroe-posters.com/article1-immortality-of-marilyn-monroe.html>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The Jazz Singer. Digital image. //Talking Motion Pictures//. Web. 05 June 2011. <http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug00/3on1/movies/talkies.html>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Veitch, Martin. "The Inquirer's Top 10 Technology Movies- The Inquirer." //THE// <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">//INQUIRER - News, Reviews and Opinion for Tech Buffs//. Web. 20 May 2011. <http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1026624/the-inquirer-top-technology-movies>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">"What Is This Thing Called Film Noir." //Big House Film Society//. Web. 03 June 2011. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; vertical-align: baseline;">[|<http://www.bighousefilm.com/noir_intro.htm].>

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"You're Fired: Silent Film Musicians & the Talkie Revolution." //Silent Toronto//. Web. 20 <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">May 2011. <http://silenttoronto.com/?p=2282>.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Web. 03 June 2011. <[].>

<span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; height: 1px; left: -10000px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 1425px; width: 1px;">Cinemas and Technology Analysis

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; line-height: 200%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 1425px; width: 1px;">Movies have come a long way since the year of its first creation, 1888. Americans were first presented with silent films, and eventually exposed to “talkies” in the 1920s. In the 21st century, though, movies have upgraded beyond silent films and “talkies”. Whether it’s a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional movie to watch, Americans today have a wide range of options to choose from. <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; line-height: 200%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-indent: 0.5in; top: 1425px; width: 1px;">Four decades after the beginning of the Silent Film Era, __The Jazz Singer__ was opened in theaters. It was the bench mark for talking pictures in the United States. During the Classical Hollywood Cinema, __The Jazz Singer__ introduced a movie world of sound, which was something that wasn't available yet. Upgraded tools were used during this era to produce sound, such as microphones. Although this seemed to be a great benefit for movie viewers, it appeared to be a significant issue for musicians. Because music in silent films was played by live orchestras, many musicians were hired in the Silent Film Era to produce what they were best at doing: creating music. __The Jazz__ Singer caused the downfall of the Silent Film Era, leaving behind many musicians who were unemployed due to the capability of recording. Nowadays, movie directors have no concerns about where they will receive their music audio from. In the 1940s, electrical keyboards were invented and brought along many advantages to the movie industry. Electrical keyboards allowed for various musical instruments, such as violins, trombones, flutes, an organ, etc., to be played. This was significant because it meant that movie directors were not required to hire professional musicians to play music for them; amateurs were as skilled to complete the job. Although electrical keyboards may have been an advantage for the movie industry, it brought a greater amount of hardship for musicians. <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; line-height: 200%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 1425px; width: 1px;">At the end of the World War II, husbands, brothers, and friends returned home to their awaiting family members. With the thoughts of war still on their minds, though, they sought out movies as their stress reliever. During this time, Hollywood produced movie genres that were based on a term known as //film noir//, or dark and cynical. Many film noir movies revolved around actors playing the role of gangsters; deaths and committing crimes appeared often also. These films attracted soldiers greatly because they reflected the thoughts that soldiers felt about life after war. From a survey taken by the Internet Movie Database, results showed that the most popular film noir movie during the 1950s was called __Sunset Blvd__. Madness, murder and love are the three main components of this particular film. <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; line-height: 200%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 1425px; width: 1px;">As a new genre of movies was premiered during the late 1940s, its contents were altered also. Sexuality was a hot movie hit for soldiers during this time period due to the absence of sexual intercourses while they served the military. Their desires were resolved, though, as sex icons, such as Starlet Marilyn Monroe, Jane Russell and many other women figures appeared in movies. <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; line-height: 200%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 1425px; width: 1px;">The entertainment of movies has brought many resolutions to society in the history of the United States. It wouldn’t have been possible, though, if technology were not available. Technology has evidently improved since the Silent Film Era. In the 1950s, not only were movies available, but the popularity of television begun to increase also. Competition from television had formed, resulting in the loss of customers for the motion picture industry. In order to attract each and every customer back, the industry attempt to premiere 3-dimensional movies. In the November of 1952, the first official 3-D movie was created, __Bwana Devil__. The 3-D effects turned out to interest customers but only for a brief period of time. 3-dimensional movie viewers suffered from headaches and eyestrains, making non 3-D movies receive more customers than the 3-D version. By the mid-1940s, 3-D movies were no longer shown in theaters. Almost ten decades later, though, 3-dimensional movies are more popular than before. Movies in the 21st century, such as __Avatar__ and __Up__, possess 3-D effects, but without the usage of glasses. The American curiosity of exploring advanced technology, such as 3-dimensional movies, has brought a welcoming comeback and success to the movie industries of today. <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; line-height: 200%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-indent: 0.5in; top: 1425px; width: 1px;">Although cinemas have only been existent for a little over a century, the vast majority of technology has been beneficial to Americans and people worldwide. Cinemas and its technology have played a role in influencing and shaping the lives of everybody today.